Trauma-related symptoms have been observed and documented in veterans of military engagement since the existence of the ancient Greeks. While these symptoms have been identified by a plethora of other names, including shell shock, war neurosis, battle fatigue, and soldier’s heart, it wasn’t until 1980 that these symptoms were formally recognized as post-traumatic stress disorder […]
You are in physical pain. You go to your doctor, and after identifying where you feel pain and how long it has been going on, a medical profession proceeds to ask you a number of questions. You may be given a pain scale chart, a numeric scale (NRS – Numeric Rating Scale) sometimes replaced or […]
Chronic pain is a debilitating symptom that may or may not have an organic cause. In rural communities, chronic pain may be more difficult to treat due to patients’ limited access to care, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and geographic isolation (Thorn et al., 2011). Psychosocial approaches are viable options for treatment, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy […]